KLOEKE-TABEL

a Meertens Institute research tool 
for
geographical reference & mapping
& immediate webpublishing
of over 5.500 locations

containing
the revised and enriched version 2003 of
L. Grootaers & G.G. Kloeke
Register van Plaatsnamen (1926)


April 2003 / Van den Berg





No commercial use allowed.

No redistribution without permission of Meertens Instituut.

In your publications mention 

Kloeketabel  

and refer to  www.meertens.knaw.nl (> 'Morfologische Atlas').


Thank you for using this application.


This file is a collection of all Help texts found in the application.




WHAT'S THIS ALL ABOUT?

This application produces HTML-maps on the basis of your lists of placenames, (Dutch) zip codes or socalled Kloekecodes. These maps are clickable and also contain all data you added to the lists of the input.
These maps are ready for uploading to the internet.
Of course you may browse or query the application's selection of over 5.500 placenames and call for a map of the results.



BEGIN

Copy (drag) folder to your computer.

(The animation at opening will be quite slow when opened in Virtual PC.)

TAKE NOTICE

PC-users: after copying to your computer UNCHECK the property 'read only' of the following files:
* Kloeketabel.USR
* selecties.USR
* indexspell.USR

! Use separate directories for GTRP and Kloeketabel: don't mix the DLL-files.

KEEP FILE IN RECTANGULAR SHAPE. DO NOT MAXIMIZE.




***

Now follow the Help-texts as found in the application. 
References to "click here" refer to checkboxes and buttons visible in the application. Only some have been replaced below by 'read on'.

It is best to read on from here till after the first example and up to 'publishing' - then turn to the application itself for hands-on experience. Read each Help-text when actually needed (and from within the application) or when your time is right to explore a further option.

***

An explanation of all options of this application * with pictures * 
is to be found at
www.meertens.knaw.nl  >  'Morphological Atlas'  >  'Cartography'  >  'Manual'

***



The current application enables you to:

+ find Dutch, Frisian or Flemish placenames / Kloekecodes / zipcodes (NL)  and see them placed on a map
+ e.g. to explore (parts of ) placenames and find out about geographical clusterings that may or may not reflect history, etc
+ enter your own lists of selections of names or codes and see them on a map, one selection at a time or together;
in the latter case with symbols automatically indicating overlap. A click on the legend of the map enables you to copy 
the selection of overlapping places and enter this list again to have it combined with again other selections, etc
+ do the same as above but having each name or code followed by the data you are researching; a click on a symbol
on the map will show the data in a separate window. In this way you can always check the data with the category (i.e. 
the symbol). The window combines all data for that one location in case the location is attested more than once
+ do the same as above but with several lists or searches combined: the map will show for each location 
in what (manipulable) frequency category it belongs. In this way you may find geographical centers of a certain feature
+ copy from the last mentioned map a percentage list with which to make a Wattel choropleth map which will 
show predictions of rediscovery deduced from your data and the distances between all pairs of data points
Click here for one example. For more on webpublishing click here.
For more read www.meertens.knaw.nl > 'Morphological Atlas' > 'Cartography'. 




The following characters in the data that accompany placenames or Kloekecodes will be converted to
special character codes; please note that < and > will not function as html tag marks:

hard return
> <
� � � �
� � � �
� � � �
� � � �
� � � �
curly quotes (single, double)





EXAMPLE

The file containing your data selection may be an export  from your database (with or without " " marks) or a saved search result from a text editor.

Open such a file ( containing at least a list of placecodes, i.e. either Kloekecodes, placenames or (Dutch) zipcodes, each followed, when data available,
by a comma and data ).

Don't forget to change a possible tab after the placecode into a comma.

Select all and copy. 

Then paste into one of the selection fields of this application; 
choose a symbol;
type the legend text and title; 
check the box and call for a map.

In the map you may move your mouse over a symbol 
to read the placename in the status bar below; or just
click to open a small window containing not only
the name but also the appropriate data from the selection.

Click on a legend symbol
to open a window containing
all appropriate places
(and data) for further use.

Click the percentage symbol (on frequency maps only)
to have a percentage list for further use (in e.g. Wattel).

Choose an alternative background and refresh the map.





ORGANIZING

The maps produced by this application are files in HTML. Each map is named "voorkomens.html" so in order to 
keep a copy of the map at hand, save the map as HTML-SOURCE and rename it. 
Of course you will always have the original data files, so any map will be reproducable.
The html-files use pictures of the.gif-type, one for each type of symbol. These pictures are found in the folder named "gif".
In order to view a map this folder should be at the same level in the same directory as the file representing the map. 
One way to organize may be to save each map in its appropriate folder and to copy it for viewing purposes to a folder 
containing a copy of the "gif"-folder. You may keep the copies in this viewing folder until you tidy things up.




PUBLISHING ON THE INTERNET

To publish a map on the internet you should upload the html-file. Don't forget to upload the "gif"-folder as well. You might find 11 MB too much: in that case change afterwards the link to each picture by replacing in a text editor	
gif/	("gif" slash) 
by
http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/projecten/mand/cat/gif/	(mind the last slash!)
In that case each picture will be read from the server at the Meertens Institute. More tips can be found in the "Webpublishing" file 
coming with this application.




KLOEKECODES

Enter (paste) Kloekecodes in a list: the map will show which locations occur in more than one selection by mixing the primary colors. It is possible to have each Kloekecode followed by a comma and any kind of data (except html-codes: click here): these data will show up in new (smaller) windows when clicking locations on the map. 
These data need not be the same as the selection criteria, e.g. they may be the original data. 

New Kloekecodes are newly coded Old Kloekecodes. (The main difference is in the last character.)

Use same type of Kloekecodes per field. Use zeroes in both types to make the number have three places.

Just one adjustment when using Old codes: please replace a first place small �a� by �aa� and �b� by �bb� (a001 -> aa001).

Via 'More' it is possible to use five entry fields. In that case the symbols will be constructed using five characteristics.



Please NOTE: there is no automatic overlap with 'stip' or 'zwart'. In case of overlap the color prevails. Use 'stip' (small dot)
to show the background of the selection(s). E.g. enter the entire grid out of which the selections are taken: just
the remaining locations (which do not occur in any selection) will show up as a dot.


Choosing same symbols for different selections will combine these selections in the legend.


When having the lists of several selections combined into one list it is possible to build a map showing for each place
by means of the symbol how many times it is attested in this combination: see menu for 'frequency selections' option.


If you wish to keep the resulting map save it as html-source and rename it. Keep the gif-folder at the same level as the file.


For size options and printing tips read on.




PLACENAMES (1)

Enter (paste) placenames or zipcodes in a list: the map will show which places occur in more than one selection 
by mixing the chosen colors. It is possible to have each name or zip followed by a comma and any kind of data 
(except html codes; click here) - these data will show up in new (smaller) windows when clicking locations on the map. 
These data need not be the same as the selection criteria, e.g. they may be the original data.

Via 'More' it is possible to use five entry fields. In that case the symbols will be constructed using five characteristics.


Please NOTE: there is no automatic overlap with 'stip' or 'zwart'. In case of overlap the color prevails. Use 'stip' (small dot)
to show the background of the selection(s). E.g. enter the entire grid out of which the selections are taken: just
the remaining locations (which do not occur in any selection) will show up as a dot.



Choosing same symbols for different selections will have these selections combined in the legend.


When having the lists of several selections combined into one list it is possible to build a map showing for each location
by means of the symbol how many times it is attested in this combination: see menu for 'frequency selections' option.


When using placenames you cannot use raw frequency lists however; you have to use the 'determine' button you will find 
in the help screen at the frequency option. This means you cannot read your data from the map anymore. You might
find it useful to first map your list of names and then copy from the map legend the list of Kloekecodes for further use.


If you wish to keep the resulting map save it as html-source and rename it. Keep the gif-folder at the same level as the file.


For size options and printing tips read on.



PLACENAMES (2)

Placenames that have a different spelling in this application�s database than the one you entered 
(or in case of a mistake) will be returned for correction in a separate form. In this form you will find 
two indexes as a help: the right one contains placenames of which the main part of the name 
starts off with the first character of the unrecognized spelling, the left one will be made up on demand 
according to the character you enter in the appropriate field. You can also directly type the correct spelling.


Placenames that occur more than once will also be returned in a separate form. In this form 
you will be  asked to select the appropriate placename as distinguished by municipality or province. (Read more below.)


Variants will be returned in the order they have in the selection; so please know which place is meant by which 
in the order they occur in your lists. 


Concerning foreign languages:
Dutch is used for Friesland and for Dutch speaking Belgium; French for other parts of Belgium and for France.


When a placename can only be situated by means of the municipality it belongs to, this will be signaled by omiting
the shadow around color symbols and by means of a black dot at the right side of the symbol when using b&w signs.


Only he municipality will be mentioned in the status bar below the map whilst the extra window (when clicking the symbol)
will show the targeted name as well. The signaling is meant to remind you of a possible slight shift in position.





SIZE OPTIONS

If you wish to have a closer look you may check the �big map� check box. The map will be produced again but 
enlarged 200% - however, symbol size remains the same which is helpful when symbols crowd with each other. 

For printing the �big map� it is best to tell your browser (in the print dialogue) to �shrink pages to fit�.

If you just wish to have a larger printed map (including enlarged symbols) don�t use the 'big map� check box but
when in Explorer you change the �Page Setup� to �landscape� and �Scale� to 120%. With �shrink to fit� (see above)
the map will still fit one page. (If you scale more than 120% the map may no longer fit one page.)





BROWSING THE KLOEKETABEL

Click on 'find' or enter Find Mode by means of the FileMaker� menu above or by typing Apple-f (or ctrl-f). 

Next, enter your query  in the appropriate field(s) (read fieldnames above or compare with browse mode)
or click a field and then Apple-i (or ctrl-i) to view the index of this field and choose your query from there.

	Use * for �any number of characters including none� and @ for �one character�. E.g.:

*xyz searches for strings at end of word, 

abc* searches at beginning,

*klm* searches for string at beginning, in the middle, at the end,

efg searches strings as whole words,

"p to" searches exact string, necessary e.g. if a space is included.
(NB Add *('s) when the string is part of (an)other string(s).)

Use 'omit' to exclude a query from the selection. E.g. find �loos� (first request), omit �klooster� (new request + omit).

Press Enter to perform the find.

When some records are found a 'select' button appears above. Check the find result for unwanted material. 

Use the 'omit 'button to omit a record. 

To view the final selection on a map (instead of locations one by one) click 'select'. 
This will put the selection in one out of three selection fields in the next appearing screen. There you will find options
for symbols and legends. You may then call for the map 
or first go back (via 'menu'  + 'browse') in order to add more selections.
(It may be of course be interesting to view several selections at the same time in order to see where they overlap.)

Click the word �reset� to reset the selection count (when previous selections need not be saved anymore).






Feature maps: where the elements out of which a symbol is constructed each represent one of your input selections

Basically not different from the other maps the feature maps are just more elaborate than the other map options 
of this application. Additionally they reflect your selection criteria in the differences of the features of the symbols like size, 
fill, color, shape. 

(Shadow and orientation were left out because they might affect the clarity of the small maps to much.)

Instead of five different arbitrary colors for five different meanings they signal variation 
in the data by meaningful binary oppositions. These kind of maps come in handy when the data
is complex, when all or just some of the features you are looking for may show up in one instance of your data.

You choose the symbol feature for your selection on the left side: the default value of the same feature is the one
on the right (where only shape and color are adaptable too, the remaining 'defaults' react automatically to the 'left' choice).

When excluding a selection from the map the default value is still used in constructing the symbols for the remaining
selections. E.g.when you leave out the selection with the color distinction all symbols will receive the default color choice.

Try to experiment with these options; even with one or two selections some of the symbols might be convenient, like
big colored circles or simple squares, etc.

Please note: there is no automatic overlap with the background selection. In case of overlap the color prevails. Use this
field to show the background of the selection(s). E.g. enter the entire grid out of which the selections are
taken: just the remaining locations (which do not occur in any selection) will show up in grey dots.

For size options and printing tips see above.

When using placenames as geographical reference, please note :
when a placename can only be situated by means of the municipality it belongs to (in using names, not codes),
this will not be marked as such; the only references will be the mention of �municipality� in the status bar below the map
and in the window appearing when clicking the symbol.





FREQUENCY maps: where the symbol represents the frequency of the Kloekecode in your data selection

The symbols will reflect the number of times a location is attested in the selection. Either use a raw list with unknown 
reappearances of same locations and check the red circle 
or use a prepared list (use button right above here) and check 
the grey circle. 

Then fill out the form of frequency classes on the left in order to manipulate the map.

When using a certain list for the first time scan the list for the variation in numbers of appearances typical of 
the list in order to get an idea of what to depict with your map, i.e. which frequencies you wish to highlight.

Although three input fields are given you can only map one at a time.

For size options and printing tips see above.

The list may be a collection of earlier selections you mapped before, in one of the other mapping options. 

By combining selections you build a map with an accumulation of features. Read on for more on another type of combination.

In case you wish to use the statistically constructed choropleth maps of dr. E. Wattel (Free University) you need
a percentage list; in order to get the percentage list that reflects your selection enter the list of Kloeke codes
you are using, each code followed by  a space and a zero. The list may just contain the used codes or may be
the entire grid out of which you took a selection. 

The output on the map (click the percentage symbol) will have replaced
the zeroes with appropriate percentages. Select and copy this list for further use in the Wattel-application or in here again.

Read on for a remark on grid points with missing data.

When you don�t know the number of items needed to calculate the percentages of, enter a question mark in the field 
named '# item' (or leave empty). The number of items involved (and a fully spelled item list) will then be automatically generated.

*
ONLY the FIRST '#item' is used to calculate the map's percentage list when the second '#item'-list  is meant: please switch the contents of the fields.
*

When the raw list with each location mentioned X many times appears to be too big for acceptance by the entry field
or when you want to save time and you are not interested in having all data variants readable on the final map
it is possible to determine the number of appearances for each location in your list by means of the button at the end of this help screen.

For each location in your selection the number of appearances will then be determined first
after which the new list (with results) will be placed in an empty field (or follow the dialogue); you may then proceed
by choosing your frequency classes etc. 

The grey button will be automatically checked.

With this option it is not possible to enter data (like transcriptions) as well; you will have to prepare your selection
in the following way:
* make a list with each line starting with a Kloekecode (or zipcode) but then either followed by nothing or followed
by a comma plus item for which this location was selected. (NB not the specific transcription of that item.)
The item may be a word that has been translated into dialect; for each location will then be determined how many times
it occurs in the list. Transcriptions (the finer data) will be too variant to be of interest here; it would be impossible to
determine whether a transcription involves the same item as in another location or another. 
* the dialogue will ask you to point at your file; mind checking the option for �all file types� (instead of FileMaker).



EXAMPLE

You selected out of a database of transcriptions those cases where a certain feature occured. The search results
contain on each line a Kloekecode, an item and the transcription of that item containing this feature.
You must remove the transcriptions. The result may be like:
A001p	, itemA
A001p	, itemB
X002p, itemA
Z003p, itemC
The button 'determine' will produce the following list:
A001p	, 2
X002p, 1
Z003p	, 1
as well as place the number 3 in the '# item' field (i.e. A, B and C amount to three different items involved)
as well as list itemA, itemB, itemC as items actually involved. When making a frequency map the percentages for each location will then be (but read the appropriate remark):		
A001p		66.6
X002p		33.3
Z003p		33.3.
													
					
													
COMPARING frequency data in one map

It is possible to compare two competing lists, e.g. that of s-pronunciation and that of z-pronunciation. 

Proceed by making use of the previous mentioned button above. This button will prepare your list from your raw file (on s-pronunciation)
and place this prepared list in one of the fields of this application (viz. a list of Kloekecodes each followed by 
comma - number). Do the same for your raw list on z-pronunciation.

Then copy the secondly prepared list into your editor and mark all numbers a negative. 

Then copy the list and paste it right after the first (positive) list (starting a new line). Then check this box: (see application)

Locations where the second list �wins� will be marked in a different color than the first list (but using the same classes): 
green instead of yellow, blue instead of red. (No black & white.)

(You may enter the number of items involved in the second list
in the field named '#2'. (For an example click on button above.)

The symbols on the map now reflect the number of 
differences for each code between the two lists: a frequency of 3 (e.g.) in one of the colors involved signifies that 
in this location the category belonging to this color outnumbers that of the other color by 3. 
(It may be the case however that there is no other category involved for this location yet even then the one category 
still outnumbers the other by 3.) 

The map does NOT provide information anymore on the spread of each of both categories; 
the map will only reflect differences in intensity now, intensity of domination of one category over the other or vice versa.




When making use of the WATTEL-application and data is missing for some of the locations of your grid

It may be the case that for a certain item information is lacking in one or more of the locations of the entire grid. 
Then the percentages for each of these locations should be adjusted for lack of data. Proceed as follows:

* in case of a raw list use the button above. The raw list in your file will then be placed in this application as a prepared list 
(with numbers instead of data) together with the list of items involved. Then take this list to search your database for
those places that are marked for missing data on these items. You take the new raw list again through the procedure of 
the button above, then copy the secondly prepared list (as appearing in another field) into your editor and mark all numbers a negative. Then copy the list and paste it right after the first (positive) list (starting a new line).

* in case you already work with prepared lists and know which items are involved you may skip the button above 
and paste the �no information available�-list again (with numbers marked negative) directly after the first prepared list. The differences will be 
automatically processsed. 

E.g. Kloeke-A001 has 3 out 4 items positive but is missing information on the fourth: then 
the percentage needs be 100 (3/3) instead of 75 (3/4). The first mention of this Kloekecode will have the number '3' (i.e.
three times positive for this Kloekecode), the second mention of this code (in the secondly prepared and added list)
will have the number '-1' (i.e. for one item information is missing at this Kloekecode). 
The number of items involved for the entire grid is 4. The percentage for this Kloekecode-A001 will then be 3 / (4-1).






About KLOEKE

Dr. Gesenius G. Kloeke was unique in his efforts to standardize linguistic maps in the Netherlands
and the Dutch speaking parts of Belgium, France and Germany. In close cooperation with his colleague from Leuven, 
dr. L. Grootaers, he developed a base map and a register of unique numbers for thousands of places, in every day usage
refered to as 'Kloeke-tabel', it's first edition appearing 1926.
New developments enabled the digitizing of the map and its table of codes. After a first generation of digitized maps 
a second effort forms the basis of the recent maps from the Meertens Instituut. Dr. E. Wattel and dr. P. van Reenen have 
produced a new base map utilizing a freely available Worldmap; by means of an electronic pen they placed anew
all places from the Kloeketabel. To avoid polysemous codes they recoded the old Kloeke codes to five character codes 
whilst substituting some problematic characters and sub-codings. Several people, most recent being dr. A. Goeman and 
drs. B. van den Berg, regularly updated and corrected the table. Now added are the municipality names (of 2003) 
to each Dutch code as well as its zip codes (of 1998) (though some zip codes could only be coupled to the municipality).
Added to the table but using existing Kloeke codes are the names from the Staatsalmanak 2002 (www.sdu.nl).
Maps produced by the current application (developed by Van den Berg) use the latest coordinates but rounded to 
screen coordinates for use in html style sheets.
For more read www.meertens.knaw.nl > 'Morphological Atlas' > 'Cartography'.






The current set up and the applications involved
have been designed by drs B.L. van den Berg
using FileMaker Pro �, BBEdit � and Internet Explorer �.

Made with Macintosh.






Please mail your commments and requests to:

boudewijn.van.den.berg@meertens.knaw.nl